Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations and ischemic stroke / 国际脑血管病杂志

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) can induce cryptogenic stroke and are also an important cause of stroke in young adults. The risk of ischemic stroke increases with age in patients with PAVMs. Contrast echocardiography can be used for early screening of PAVMs, especially in young patients with cryptogenic stroke. After treatment, patients with PAVMs have a reduced risk of ischemic stroke. This article summarizes the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of PAVMs by retrieving studies on PAVMs and ischemic stroke, in order to improve the understanding of PAVMs and avoid misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.

Association of sedentary behaviors with visual acuity among primary school students:a cohort study / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To examine the association of sedentary behaviors with visual acuity among primary school children, and to provide a reference basis for the prevention and control of poor vision.@*Methods@#Using stratified random cluster sampling method, a total of 4 969 students in grade 1-4 were selected from 5 primary schools in Guangzhou in 2017, and then were followed up in 2019. A validated questionnaire was used to collect data on children s sedentary behaviors, including doing homework, watching TV, playing computer/video games, and taking the bus/car between home and school. Visual acuity was measured in the baseline and the follow up using a 5 m standard logarithmic visual acuity chart. Multiple linear regression and Logistic regression were conducted to analyze the relationship between sedentary behaviors and visual changes.@*Results@#The two year cumulative incidence of poor vision was 48.74%. Homework time was inversely associated with visual acuity of left eye( β=-0.012, 95%CI =-0.023- -0.002 ). Homework time was positively correlated with poor vision( OR =1.16, 95% CI =1.05-1.27). However, total sedentary time, screen time and bus/car time were not statistically associated with changes in visual acuity( P >0.05).@*Conclusion@#Increased homework time was associated with poorer vision in primary school students. Interventions to reduce the academic burden should be taken.

Effect analysis of Naokang Ⅱ combined with aniracetam for patients with vascular cognitive impairment of none dementia after cerebral infarction / 中国脑血管病杂志

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Naokang Ⅱ in patients with vascular cognitive impairment of none dementia after cerebral infarction.Methods A total of 100 consecutive patients with vascular cognitive impairment of none dementia after cerebral infarction diagnosed at the Neurology Clinic,Beijing Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University from October 2012 to February 2014 were enrolled prospectively.Six of them did not complete a return visit because of not returning to the hospital in time,2 withdrew automatically,and finally,92 patients were enrolled in the study.According to the random number table method,they were divided into either an observation group (n=48) or a control group (n=44).The control group was treated with aniracetam,while the observation group was treated with aniracetam plus Naokang Ⅱ (Radix Polygoni Multiflori Preparata,Radix Rehmanniae Preparata,Radix Notoginseng,Acorus Calamus L.and Radix Polygalae) for 12 weeks.The differences of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome integral before and after treatment in both groups were compared.The effective rate and cognitive function improvement rate of traditional Chinese medicine syndromes before and after treatment in both groups were compared.Results The scores of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome integral before and after treatment in patients of the observation group were 28±5 and 15±4,respectively,those of the control group before and after treatment were 26±5 and 18±5,respectively.There were significant differences before and after treatment (the t values were 15.02 and 14.73,respectively,all P0.05).The total effective rate in the observation group (75.0% [36/48]) was higher than that in the control group (45.5% [20/44]).There was significant difference between two groups (χ2=7.023,P=0.008).The improvement rates of memory,orientation,judgment,and problem solving skills in the observation group (29.2% [14/48],27.1% [13/48],and 31.2% [15/48]) were higher than those in the control group (11.4% [5/44],9.1% [4/44],and 13.6% [6/44]).There were significant differences between the two groups (all P<0.05).No adverse reactions were observed in the two groups during the observation period.Conclusion Naokang Ⅱ combined with aniracetam for patients with vascular cognitive impairment of none dementia after cerebral infarction had a synergistic effect.

Effect of paired using tangerine peel and ternate pinellia tuber on the expressions of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and phosphorylation of protein kinase B/Akt in rabbits with carotid atherosclerosis / 中国脑血管病杂志

Objective To investigate paired using tangerine peel and ternate pinellia tuber to regulate phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)and protein kinase B (p-Akt)signal pathways in rabbits in order to treat carotid atherosclerosis. Methods According to a random number table,20 rabbits were divided into 4 groups:a control,a model,a tangerine peel and ternate pinellia tuber,and a tangerine peel and ternate pinellia tuber+LY294002 (a PI3K/Akt signal pathway specific inhibitor)group (n=5 in each group). The rabbits in the control group were fed with basal diet,while those in other groups were given high-cholesterol diet and air drying of carotid artery intima were performed. After procedure,the rabbits in the tangerine peel and ternate pinellia tuber group and the tangerine peel and ternate pinellia tuber +LY294002 group were treated with the decoction of traditional Chinese medicine. Carotid atherosclerosis was observed via HE staining;the effect of tangerine peel and ternate pinellia tuber on the expressions of PI3K and p-Akt in rabbits with carotid atherosclerosis was observed by western blot. Results (1)the expressions of PI3K and p-Akt in carotid in the model group were 107. 0 ± 2. 6 and 113. 0 ± 1. 7,and those in the tangerine peel and ternate pinellia tuber group were 174. 7 ± 14. 5 and 186. 3 ± 18. 3. There were significant differences between the two groups (P <0. 01). After using PI3K/Akt signal pathway specific inhibitor LY294002,the expressions of PI3K and p-Akt (117. 0 ± 4. 0,127. 3 ± 4. 7)were lower than the tangerine peel and ternate pinellia tuber group. There were significant differences between the two groups (P <0. 01). (2)The tangerine peel and ternate pinellia tuber group had mild intimal hyperplasia and foam cell formation under the artery intima,however,they were better than those of the model group and the tangerine peel and ternate pinellia tuber+LY294002 group. Conclusion Tangerine peel and ternate pinellia tuber may play a role in the treatment of carotid atherosclerosis by upregulating the expressions of PI3K and p-Akt in vascular endothelial cells.

An Application Study of Quality Control Circle in Clinical Probation of the Course of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Western Medicine Colleges and Universities / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To study the application effect of quality management tool“quality control circle” in clinical probation of the course of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in western medicine colleges and universities. Methods The students of grade 2009 and grade 2010 majoring in clinical specialty in Capital Medical University were classified into the control group and the test group. The control group received traditional teaching methods and the test group received quality control circle activities in clinical probation of TCM. The statistical analysis about comprehensive quality and academic achievement of two groups were made after the clinical probation period. Results Both the theoretical and practical achievements in the test group were better than those in the control group (P<0.05). The students of the test group showed greater improvements in the learning enthusiasm, joy, confidence, communication and coordination, team cohesion and the ability of problem-solving than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The application of quality management tool “quality control circle” in clinical probation of TCM teaching can effectively improve students’ academic performance and learning ability, as well as their comprehensive quality.

Correlation Between Gastrointestinal System and Brain in Acute Cerebrovascular Disease / 中国中医药信息杂志

Cerebrovascular disease, also known as a cerebral vascular accident, is named “stroke” in traditional Chinese medicine, there is close correlation between acute cerebrovascular disease and gastrointestinal system. In this paper, we discussed 3 parts about the relationship between the gastrointestinal system and brain. First, in the traditional Chinese medicine theory, there is close relationship between gastrointestinal system and brain from the physiological function and Meridian theory. Secondly, clinical practice indicated that heat phlegm fu-organ syndrome is the main syndrome of acute cerebrovascular disease. The main symptom of this syndrome is the constipation, which is an important part of the disease transition. Furthermore, in acute cerebrovascular disease, the brain-gut peptide esp. CCK and surface colonic electrical physiological changes are the material and electrophysiological basic on the relationship between gastrointestinal system and brain.

Effects of NaokangⅡon cognitive function and neurogenesis in rats with cerebral ischemia WANG / 中国脑血管病杂志

Objective ToobservetheeffectsofNaokangⅡ,atraditionalChinesemedicineon spatial learning and memory abilities and hippocampal neurogenesis in rats with cerebral ischemia. Methods Atotalof54SDratsweredividedinto6groupsaccordingtothedigitalrandommethod:a control,a sham operation,a model,a low-dose,a medium-dose,and a high-dose NaokangⅡ group (the low-,medium-,and high-dose groups were 5,10,and 20 times of adults (n=9 in each group). A rat model was induced by ligate the bilateral common carotid arteries permanently. The bilateral common carotid arteries were only isolated but not ligated in rats of the sham operation group. The rats in the control group were not given any treatment. After modeling,the rats in the treatment groups were treated with NaokangⅡ. The rats in the control,sham operation,and model groups were given equal volume of isotonic saline (2 ml). Morris water maze test and space search experiment were used to evaluate the learning and memory abilities in rats 9 weeks after modeling. Immunofluorescence staining and immunohistochemical methods were used to observe proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs). Western blot was used to detect the expression of autophagy related protein Beclin-1 and LC-3Ⅱ. Results (1 )The escape latencies of the model group from 1 to 5 days were 100 ± 13,98 ± 13,82 ± 14,72 ± 15,and 46 ± 7 s,respectively. They were significantly longer than those of the sham operation group and the control group (all P<0. 05). The search distances were 1239 ± 127,1011 ± 122,959 ± 123,553 ± 66,and 407 ± 29 cm,respectively. They were significantly increased as compared with those of the sham operation group and control group (all P<0. 01). Both the escape latencies and search distances of the rats in the Naokang Ⅱ low-,medium-,and high-dose groups were significantly shorter than those of the model group (P<0. 05). The escape latencies on the fifth day were 20 ± 6,19 ± 8,and 15 ± 6 s,respectively,and the search distances were 234 ± 38, 297 ± 23,and 99 ± 22 cm,respectively. Nine weeks after modeling,the quadrant search time on the original platform in the rats of the model group was 30 ± 9 s,it was significantly shorter than that of the sham operation group (P<0. 01). The quadrant search time on the original platform of the Naokang Ⅱ low-, medium-,and high-dose groups were 34 ± 6,38 ± 8,and 40 ± 10 s,respectively. They were significantly longer than those of the model group (P <0. 01). (2)Nine weeks after modeling,the results of immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry showed that the number of BrdU-positive cells and the Nestin positive cells in hippocampal dentate gyrus of the model group were higher than those of the control group and the sham operation group (P<0. 05). The number of BrdU-positive cells and Nestin positive cells of Naokang Ⅱ each dose group were significantly higher than those of the model group (P<0. 05). The expression of LC-3Ⅱand Beclin-1 in the model group was significantly higher than those in the control and sham operation groups (P<0. 01). The expression of LC-3Ⅱ in the medium- and high-dose groups was 143 ± 9 and 129 ± 9 respectively,and the expression of Beclin-1 was 139 ± 10 and 124 ± 7 respectively, andtheyweresignificantlylowerthanthemodelgroup(P<0.01).Conclusion NaokangⅡcanimprove the cognitive function in rats with cerebral ischemia,promote neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus,and inhibit autophagic cell death.

Effect of Tenuigenin on Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells from Hippocampus of Newborn Rats / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To observe the effect of tenuigenin on differentiation of hippocampal neural stem cells (NSCs). Methods NSCs isolated from newborn (within 24 h) Wistar rats hippocampus were cultivated in vitro with serum free and clone culturing technology. Tenui-genin of different doses (0, 1, 2, 4μg/ml) were added in the medium, and the proliferation and differentiation of the cells were identified with immunofluorescence staining. Results The neural spheres obtained from the hippocampi of newborn rats were positive for Nestin ex-pression, with the potential for further cloning and differentiation into neurons or glial cells. The incidence of neuron specific enolase and glial fibrillary acidic protein positive cells increased in all the tenuigenin groups compared to the control (P<0.05), while the Nestin positive cells decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion Tenuigenin may promote the differentiation of neural stem cell into nerve cell.

Effect of Tangerine Peel and Pinellia Ternata on Expression of VCAM-1 and MMP-9 in Carotid Atherosclerosis Rabbits / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To research the influence of tangerine peel and pinellia ternata on the expression of VCAM-1 and MMP-9 in carotid atherosclerosis rabbits, and explore its mechanism. Methods Totally 25 male rabbits were divided into control group, model group and Chinese medicine group. Control group was treated with basic diet, model group and Chinese medicine group were treated with both high-fat diet and carotid artery intima-air drying technique. Chinese medicine decoction group was treated with tangerine peel and pinellia ternata decoction, as 10, 8, 6 mL/kg, for 4 weeks. Then the right carotid was cut and fixed, and pathological changes were observed by HE staining. The expressions of VCAM-1 and MMP-9 were observed by immunol histochemistry SABC method. Results Compared with control group, the expression of VCAM-1 and MMP-9 in model group was significantly increased (P<0.01). And compared with model group, tangerine peel and pinellia ternata decoction significantly restrained VCAM-1 and MMP-9 expression (P<0.05). Conclusion Tangerine peel and pinellia ternata could restrained VCAM-1 and MMP-9 expression in carotid atherosclerosis rabbits, suggesting that its mechanism may be related with inhibiting vascular inflammatory reaction and stabilizing plaques.

Effects of naokang erhao decoction on cognitive ability and hippocampal apoptosis-related proteins in diabetic rats / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of Naokang Erhao decoction on the cognitive ability and the expression of Caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2 proteins in hippocampus of type 2 diabetic rats.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The diabetes mellitus (DM) rat model was produced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin and fed with high fat and sucrose diet. The Naokang Erhao-treated rats were intragastrically given different doses of Naokang Erhao, whereas the control and DM model groups were given double distilled water for 4 consecutive weeks. Learning and memory abilities of rats were tested with the Morris water maze. The expression of Caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2 proteins in hippocampal CA1 region was measured by immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Both escape latency and swimming distance of type 2 DM rats were significantly prolonged in comparison of those in normal control (P < 0.01), and swimming time in the platform of previous quadrant was significantly shorter in model group (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the expression of Bcl-2 protein was decreased, while Caspase-3 and Bax in the hippocampus were increased compared with the control group (P < 0.01). Four weeks of treatment with Naokang Erhao decoction remarkably improved the learning and memory abilities of DM rats, increased the expression of Bcl-2 and decreased the expression of Caspase-3 and Bax in hippocampal CA1 region of model rats (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Naokang Erhao decoction may inhibit apoptosis by increasing the expression of Bcl-2 and reducing the expression of Caspase-3 and Bax in the hippocampus, and this may be one of the mechanisms by which Naokang Erhao decoction improves cognitive ability in DM rats.</p>

The characteristics of sleep disturbance in patients with comorbid anxiety and depression after cerebral infarction and their related factors / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To investigate the factors influencing sleep disturbance and comorbid anxiety and depression after cerebral infarction.Methods A total of 216 patients with first onset of cerebral infarction were enrolled and divided into a post-stroke comorbid anxiety and depression (PSCAD) group, a pure anxiety group, a pure depression group and a non-anxiety and no-depression group. Smoking, alcohol intake, educational background, life or work pressure and exercise frequency were compared among the four groups along with ultrasound images of the carotid artery and brain blood vessels. The subjects' sleep quality was evaluated with the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI).Results The conditions studied showed no significant difference among the four groups. There were significant differences among the four groups in HAMA and HAMD scores. HAMD overall scores were higher in the PSCAD group than in the other three groups. HAMA overall scores were higher in the PSCAD group than in the pure depression group or the non-anxiety and no-depression groups. The PSCAD group showed significantly higher scores on all the dimensions and in their overall scores than those in the non-anxiety and no-depression group. Subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, day-time dysfunction and the overall PSQI score were all significantly higher in the PSCAD group than in the pure anxiety group. Sleep latency, sleep duration, day-time dysfunction and the overall PSQI scores were significantly higher in the PSCAD group than in the pure depression group. Age, life or work pressure, smoking, alcohol intake were the main factors influencing sleep quality in the PSCAD group.Conclusions The sleep quality of anxious and depressed patients after cerebral infarction is worse than that of those suffering only anxiety or depression alone, especially in terms of subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, sleep efficiency and day-time dysfunction. Age, life or work pressure, smoking and alcohol intake are the main factors influencing sleep quality in such comorbid individuals after cerebral infarction.

Removing of Infrared Bands of Interferential Component from Complex Mixture Spectrum by Synthesizing a Background Spectrum with Absorption Controllable and Adjustable / 分析化学

A method for removing the bands of interferential component from mixture infrared spectra during the measurement was presented. A synthetic background with the thickness of the interferential component adjustable) and controllable was produced by scanning two different background samples in sequence. The absorption) intensity of the synthetic background spectrum varies with the scanning number during the measurement. Therefore, when the infrared absorption of the interferential component in the background sample becomes) equal to that in the mixture sample, the effect of interferential component can be deducted. This method was applied to stearic acid and 2-octadecyl-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (C_(18))TCNQ) mixture system. The results showed that the absorption peaks of stearic acid or C_(18))TCNQ can be removed completely from the final resulted infrared spectrum.

Effect of GETO on Learning and Memory of Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease Rats / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To establish rat models with Sporadic Alzheimer’s disease(SAD) induced by intracerebroventricular administration of streptozotocin(ic-STZ),and observe the effects of compound Jinsiwei(GETO) on learning and memorizing ability of rats.Methods To establish the Sporadic Alzheimer’s disease model by intracerebroventricular micro-injection of STZ bilaterally.GETO groups were treated with gastric perfusion of GETO in three different dosage for 3 months.Learning and memorizing ability of the rats were inspected through Morris water maze test.The effects of GETO and Donepezil were observed and compared.Results In place navigation test,the escape latency and swimming distance were significantly longer in the model group than that in the sham group(P

Research of Naokang Ⅱ in improving diabetic rat's cognitive impairment / 中华中医药杂志

Objective:To research the improvement of Naokang Ⅱ in treating diabetic rat's cognitive impairment.Methods:Naokang Ⅱ was used to treat diabetes.The change of rat's ability of learning and memory function was tested by water maze.The percentage of neuron apoptosis was detected through flow cytometry.The expression of Caspase-3 and Bcl-2 proteins in hippocampal CA1 region was measured with immunohistochemistry.Results:Naokang Ⅱ could significantly reduce the swimming time to platform and the percentage of neuron apoptosis,and increase the expression of Bcl-2 and decrease the expression of Caspase-3 in hippocampal CA1 region of model rats.Conclusion:Naokang Ⅱ could improve diabetic rat's cognitive impairment by reducing hippocampus neuron apoptosis and increasing the expression of Bcl-2 and reducing the expression of Caspase-3 in the hippocampus.